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Page created: 9th October 2003 Last updated: 19th December 2015 | ![]() |
The FAME is a site devoted to the systematic and scientific study of flags and coats of arms. Such symbols often bear strong political and other messages. Inclusion of those symbols here does not mean that the author supports or approves of the ideas they may stand for. |
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The Axis powers lounched attack on Yugoslavia on 6 April 1941 and she was defeated within few weeks. The royal family and government fled to London, and the country was dissolved. Parts were annexed directly by the attacking countries, the puppet Independent State of Croatia was formed and Serbia and Montenegro was under occupational government. The Communist Party lead by Tito organized struggle against occupations consolidating all the forces that opposed the Axis forming the National Liberation Movement. The symbol of their struggle was five-pointed red star. Since the very beginning the symbol was also used on the national tricolours carried by the partisan units.
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The red five-pointed star was initially used by the partisan fighters as the symbol of the liberation movement and the communist revolution. The first official adoption of the symbol on the flags was in the Stolice meeting 26 September 1941 where it was decided that the partisan units shall carry their national tricolour according to the ethnic composition of the units, with a five-pointed red star in the centre ("overall", although this was mostly understood as high as the central stripe). The general staff was to use a red flag with a yellow bordered red five-pointed star near the hoist. The shape, size and the exact placement of the star was never specified in more details until the end of the war, and there where numerous variations. The "fat" star was one of the most commonly used variations.
The coat of arms for the new state was devised by the Belgrade artist Đorđe Andrejević-Kun around 1943, with the date of the Jajce conference added after it. It was officially adopted only in 1946 Constitution in slightly different artistic representation.
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The first ensigns hoisted on the partisan boats and ships in 1942 consisted of the Yugoslav tricolour in the first two thirds of the flag length while the remaining third consisted of the three national tricolours of Serbia/Montenegro, Croatia and Slovenia. The Yugoslav tricolour was defaced with a red five-pointed star and a white anchor. Several flags of this type were preserved in the museum in Split. They were gradually replaced with the latter prescribed flags.
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After the Jajce conference on which the new Yugoslav state was born on 29 November 1943, the General Staff of the National Liberation Army of Yugoslavia issued a command signed by Marshal Tito on the naval and merchant ensigns to be used by the ships of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. The naval ensign was adopted to be the Yugoslav tricolour with the red five-pointed star in the middle of the white stripe ensigned with a white anchor.
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At the same time as the previous flag, the merchant flag was adopted to be equal, but without the anchor, that is, the Yugoslav tricolour with the five-pointed red star in the middle of the white stripe.
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The order issued by the Minister of Interior of the Federal State of Croatia Vicko Krstulović was valid for Croatia only, but indicate the interpretation of the flag by the end of World War II. It specifies that the red star in the centre should be so large as to enter by the point of its rays into the other stripes. The manner of differentiation of the red of the star from the red stripe was not prescribed, and it was done by sawing of layer of material upon the tricolour background or by making void (i.e. white) fimbriation on printed flags. The practical solution of fimbriating the star with yellow was prescribed only in the 1946 Constitution. The order considered both Yugoslav and Croatian tricolours as well as any other national tricolour (Serbian, Slovenian...), while the first two are explicitly prescribed to be hoisted on the govrernment buildings.
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![]() Flags of the World |